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Modern AI Systems

Agent Evaluation

A breakdown of how AI agent evaluation differs from LLM evaluation, covering outcome, trajectory, safety, operational, and consistency metrics, plus how golden datasets and LLM-as-judge grading fit in.

Modern AI Systems

Harness Engineering vs Loop Engineering

How agentic loops are structured, and why the harness — everything wrapping the model — is what makes an agent reliable in production.

Modern AI Systems

Agent Memory

How AI agents store and retrieve memory — short-term vs long-term, semantic vs episodic vs procedural, and the storage systems behind them.

Modern AI Systems

Workflows vs Agents

How workflows differ from agents, and the core building blocks — memory, tools, and planning — behind agentic systems.

Modern AI Systems

RAG vs CAG vs MAG

Comparing RAG, CAG, and MAG — how each approach retrieves and grounds context for LLMs, and where each one fits.

Modern AI Systems

Hybrid Search, Re-ranking, RAG and RAG Evaluation

Notes on hybrid search, reranking with RRF, retrieval methods like BM25 and multi-query retrieval, and RAGAS metrics for evaluating RAG systems.

Modern AI Systems

Keyword Search vs Vector Search

Comparing how keyword search and vector search find results — exact word matching versus semantic similarity — and when to use each.

Modern AI Systems

What Are Embeddings?

How embeddings turn objects into vectors machine learning models can compare, search, and reason over.